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Objective:To investigate the prognostic risk factors of young patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in emergency department (ED), so as to improve the efficiency of emergency treatment and diversion of these patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of young patients with UGIB in the ED of Hainan Provincial People's Hospital from January 1, 2019 to December 30, 2020. In-hospital mortality was the primary endpoint of the study, and admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and length of hospital stay were the secondary endpoints. Inclusion criteria: (1) patients met the diagnostic criteria of acute UGIB; (2) age ranged from 18 to 40 years old; and (3) complete clinical data. Exclusion criteria: (1) bleeding and hemoptysis from the mouth, nose and throat; (2) gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in hospital; (3) lower gastrointestinal bleeding; (4) incomplete clinical data.Results:Among the 383 patients, 268 (70.0%) underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and the most frequent endoscopic diagnoses were duodenal ulcer (64.6%) and esophageal-gastric varices bleeding (16.8%). Seventy-one (18.5%) patients required endoscopic treatment, 5 (1.3%) patients required surgical treatment, and 7 (1.8%) patients required intervention treatment. The mortality rate was 2.1%, the ICU admission rate was 2.3%, and the length of hospital stay was 5 (3, 6) d. The ICU admission rate and mortality rate were significantly higher in patients with liver disease and in patients with syncope/coma (all P<0.05). Patients with thrombocyte levels (<120×10 9/L) had a significantly longer length of hospital stay than that of patients with normal platelets [8 (5, 11) d vs. 4 (3, 6) d, P<0.001]. The dead patients had significantly higher white blood cell count, urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and activated partial thrombin time levels (all P<0.05), and significantly lower hemoglobin, albumin, SpO 2 and Glasgow coma score (GCS) levels (all P<0.05). Low GCS was an independent risk factor of ICU admission ( OR=33.973, 95% CI: 1.582~729.417, P=0.024) and mortality ( OR=20.583, 95% CI: 1.368~309.758, P=0.029). Conclusions:The poor prognostic factors of young patients with UGIB in ED are concomitant liver disease, syncope/coma, co-infection, hyperazotemia, impaired kidney function, liver dysfunction, coagulopathy, anemia, and low SpO 2, low GCS, and low hypoproteinemia on admission.
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Objective: To investigate the risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Li and Han ethnic group in Hainan, China. Methods: All subjects were randomly selected from various regions in Hainan. General characteristics were compared between COPD cases and healthy control cases in both Li and Han ethnic groups. The odds ratio (OR), the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of COPD were calculated by logistic regression. Results: A total of 277 Li COPD cases, 307 Li healthy control subjects, 290 Han COPD cases and 301 Han healthy control were included in this study. In both the Li and Han groups, the average age exceeded 65 years, and the cigarette number smoked per day and the smoking duration were correlated with risk of COPD. In the Li COPD subjects, low weight, smoking, and recurrent infection of respiratory tract were mainly risk factors; while the mainly risk factor of Han COPD subjects was family history of respiratory disease. Conclusions: The risk factors are different in COPD subjects of Han and Li nationalities in Hainan of China. The age and smoking are strongly correlated with COPD risk.
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Objective:To investigate the risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Li and Han ethnic group in Hainan, China.Methods:All subjects were randomly selected from various regions in Hainan. General characteristics were compared between COPD cases and healthy control cases in both Li and Han ethnic groups. The odds ratio (OR), the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of COPD were calculated by logistic regression.Results:A total of 277 Li COPD cases, 307 Li healthy control subjects, 290 Han COPD cases and 301 Han healthy control were included in this study. In both the Li and Han groups, the average age exceeded 65 years, and the cigarette number smoked per day and the smoking duration were correlated with risk of COPD. In the Li COPD subjects, low weight, smoking, and recurrent infection of respiratory tract were mainly risk factors; while the mainly risk factor of Han COPD subjects was family history of respiratory disease.Conclusions:The risk factors are different in COPD subjects of Han and Li nationalities in Hainan of China. The age and smoking are strongly correlated with COPD risk.
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Objective To investigate whether alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) possesses neuroprotective effects against high glucose-induced damage in vitro.Methods The cultured human lens epithelial cells (HLEC-B3 cells) were divided into normal control group,high glucose group and ALA group.Normal control group left untreated,ALA group was pretreated with different concentrations of ALA (25 μmol · L-1,50 μmol · L-1,100 μmol · L-1) for 1h,and then ALA group and high glucose group were cultured under high glucose conditions for 48h.After above treatment,the activity of lens epithelial cells in each group was detected immediately by MTT,and the changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometry.In addition,the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was detected by Western blot and RT-PCR in all groups.Results The activity of HLEC-B3 cells in high glucose group was 53.60％ ±4.10％,which was significantly lower than that in normal control group (P ＜ 0.01).The cell viability in 25 μmol · L-1,50 μmol · L-1,100 μmol · L-1 ALA group was 65.30％ ± 3.70％,72.70％ ± 4.90％ and 83.40％ ± 3.60％,respectively,all which were higher than those in the high glucose group (all P ＜ 0.05).Flow cytometry showed that intracellular ROS level in the high glucose group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.01),but ROS levels were decreased to 14.70％ ±0.70％,8.70％ ±0.87％,5.20％ ±0.53％ after25 μmol· L-1,50 μmol· L-1,100 μmol · L-1 ALA treatment,respectively,with significant difference (all P ＜ 0.01).RT-PCR and Western blot results indicated that the relative expression of MnSOD mRNA and protein in the high glucose group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the high glucose group,MnSOD mRNA and protein relative expression levels were significantly increased to 0.63 ± 0.06,0.71 ± 0.06,0.84 ± 0.04,and 0.25 ± 0.03,0.31 ± 0.02,0.45 ± 0.04,respectively (all P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the protective effects of ALA (25-100 μmol · L-1) on HLEC-B3 cells induced by high glucose was in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion ALA has a protective effect on human lens epithelial cell line HLEC-B3 cultured in high glucose condition,and this protective effect may be achieved by increasing the expression level of intracellular MnSOD.
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Objective: To observe the effect of the intravenous infusion of vasostatin-2 (VS-2) on hemodynamics in experimental rats with spontaneous hypertension (SH). Methods: A total of 36 (14-16) weeks male SH rats with the mean body weight at (160-250) g were randomly divided into 6 groups:①Control group, the rats received normal saline (100μl/kg),②Catestatin (20μg/kg) group,③VS-2 (5μg/kg) group,④VS-2 (10μg/kg) group,⑤VS-2 (20μg/kg) group and⑥VS-2 (40μg/kg) group. n=6 in each group. The average blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and barorelfex sensitivity (BRS) were monitored and compared upon VS-2 treatment and between VS-2 and catestatin treatments in conscious and freelance rats. Results: Compared with prior treatment, VS-2 (20μg/kg) and VS-2 (40μg/kg) could obviously decrease the HR, BP and BRS in SH rats. In VS-2 (20μg/kg) group, HR by bpm was (341.3 ± 19.3) vs (365.5 ± 25.5), BP by mmHg was (133.0 ± 8.9) vs (147.5 ± 11.2) and BRS by ms/mmHg was (0.52 ± 0.18) vs (0.37 ± 0.12);in VS-2 (40μg/kg) group, HR was (348.8 ± 30.8) vs (374.5 ± 34.8), BP was (131.5 ± 9.3) vs (151.7 ± 10.8) and BRS was (0.53 ± 0.05) vs (0.38 ± 0.03), all P0.05. Conclusion: Intravenous infusion of VS-2 may obviously affect HR, BP and BRS in experimental SH rats;compared with the same dosage of catestatin, VS-2 had the weaker reduction of HR, BP and BRS.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the effect of electric coagulation through bronchoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of congenital vallecular cyst in children.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Ten cases of congenital vallecular cyst in the study with age ranged from 21 days to 4 years and 10 months were treated with electric coagulation through bronchoscopy. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by endoscopic and clinical manifestation. And all the patients were followed-up for 6-12 months.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>All the patients obtained 3-5 times electric coagulation. After the operation, the cyst decreased in size, epiglottis softening was subsided, uplift uncompression, dyspnea and laryngeal stridor were improved obviously. After follow-up periods of 6-12 months, no capsule wall were left, and the activity of the epiglottis resumed.No severe complication was found in any patient.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electric coagulation through bronchoscopy is a simple, effective and safe method to treat congenital vallecular cyst in children.</p>